Technical Readiness Levels

Basic Principles Observed and Reported

Description
Lowest level of technology readiness. Scientific research begins to be translated into applied research and development. Examples might include paper studies of a technology's basic properties.

Technology Concept and Application Formulated

Description
Invention begins. Once basic principles are observed, practical applications can be invented. Applications are speculative, and there may be no proof or detailed analysis to support the assumptions. Examples are limited to analytical studies.

Analytical and Experimental Critical Function and Proof of Concept

Description
Active research and development is initiated. This includes analytical studies and laboratory studies to physically validate the analytical predictions of separate elements of the technology. Examples include components that are not yet integrated or representative.

Component and Testing Validation in a Laboratory Environment

Description
Basic technological components are integrated to establish whether they will work well together. This is relatively low-fidelity compared with the eventual system. Example includes integration of ad hoc hardware in the laboratory.

Component and Testing Validation in a Relevant Environment

Description
Fidelity of initial technology increases significantly. The basic technological components are integrated with reasonably realistic supporting elements so they can be tested in a simulated environment. Example includes high-fidelity laboratory integration of components.

System Prototypes are Demonstrated in a Relevant Environment

Description
Representative model or prototype system, which is well beyond that of TRL 5, is tested in a relevant environment. This level represents a major step up in the technology's demonstrated readiness. Examples include testing a prototype in a high fidelity laboratory environment or simulated operational environment.

System Prototype Demonstration in an Operational Environment

Description
Prototype near or at planned operational system. This level represents a major step up from TRL 6 by requiring demonstration of actual system prototype in an operational environment (e.g, in an aircraft, vehicle, or in space).

System Completed and Qualified Through Test and Demonstration

Description
Technology has been proven to work in its final form and under expected conditions. In almost all cases, this TRL represents the end of true system development. Examples includes developmental test and evaluation of the system while integrated with all end-use components to ensure design compatibility.

Completed System Proven Through Successful Mission Operations

Description
Actual application of the technology in its final form and under mission conditions, such as those encountered in operational test and evaluation (OT&E).